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JAMB 2023/2024 syllabus for biology , All Subjects- keypoint and recommended text books

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Biology Jamb Syllabus ,

A: VARIETY OF ORGANISMS

Toics/Contents

1. Living organisms:
2. Characteristics
   
   b. Cell structure and functions of cell Components
   
   c. Level of organization
   
   i. Cell e.g. euglena and paramecium,
   
   ii. Tissue, e.g. epithelial tissues and hydra
   
   iii. Organ, e.g. onion bulb
   
   iv. Systems, e.g. reproductive, digestive and excretory
   
   v. Organisms e.g. Chlamydomonas

2. Evolution among the following:

1. Monera (prokaryotes), e.g. bacteria and
   
   blue green algae.
   
   b. Protista (protozoans and protophyta),
   
   e.g. Amoeba, Euglena and Paramecium
   
   c. Fungi, e.g. mushroom and Rhizopus.
   
   d. Plantae (plants)
   
   i. Thallophyta (e.g. Spirogyra)
   
   ii. Bryophyta (mosses and liveworts) e.g.
   
   Brachmenium and Merchantia.
   
   iii. Pteridophyta (ferns) e.g. Dryopteris.
   
   iv. Spermatophyta (Gymnospermae and Angiospermae)
   
   – Gymnosperms e.g. Cycads and conifers.
   
   – Angiosperms (monocots, e.g. maize; dicots, e.g. water leaf)
   
   e. Animalia (animals)
   
   i. Invertebrates
   
   – coelenterate (e.g. Hydra)
   
   – Platyhelminthes (flatworms) e.g. Taenia
   
   – Nematoda (roundworms)
   
   – Annelida (e.g. earthworm)
   
   – Arthropoda e.g. mosquito, cockroach, housefly, bee, butterfly
   
   – Mollusca (e.g. snails)
   
   ii. Multicellular animals (vertebrates)
   
   – pisces (cartilaginous and bony fish)
   
   – Amphibia (e.g. toads and frogs)
   
   – Reptilia (e.g. lizards, snakes and turtles)
   
   – Aves (birds)
   
   – Mammalia (mammals)

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3.a Structural/functional and behavioural adaptations of organisms.

1. adaptive colouration and its functions
   
   c. Behavioural adaptations in social animals
   
   d. Structural adaptations in organisms.

1. Internal structure of a flowering plant

1. Root
   
   ii. Stem
   
   iii. Leaf
   
   b. Internal structure of a mammal

2. Nutrition

1. Modes of nutrition
   
   i. Autotrophic
   
   ii. Heterotrophic
   
   b. Types of Nutrition
   
   c. Plant nutrition
   
   i. Photosynthesis
   
   ii. Mineral requirements
   
   (macro and micro-nutrients)
   
   d. Animal nutrition
   
   i. Classes of food substances; carbohydrates, proteins, fats and oils, vitamins, mineral salts and water
   
   ii. Food tests (e.g. starch, reducing sugar, protein, oil, fat etc.
   
   iii. The mammalian tooth (structures, types and functions
   
   iv. Mammalian alimentary canal
   
   v. Nutrition process (ingestion, digestion, absorption,
   
   and assimilation of digested food.

3. Transport

1. Need for transportation
   
   b. Materials for transportation.
   
   Excretory products, gases, manufactured food, digested food, nutrient, water and hormones)
   
   c. Channels for transportation
   
   i. Mammalian circulatory system (heart, arteries,
   
   veins, and capillaries)
   
   ii Plant vascular system (phloem and xylem)
   
   d. Media and processes of mechanism for transportation.

4. Respiration in

1. Respiratory organs and surfaces
   
   b. The mechanism of gaseous exchange in:
   
   i. Plants
   
   ii. Mammals
   
   c. Aerobic respiration
   
   d. Anaerobic respiration

5. Excretion

1. Types of excretory structures:
   
   contractile vacuole, flamecell,
   
   nephridium, Malpighian tubule, kidney,
   
   stoma and lenticel.
   
   b. Excretory mechanisms:
   
   i. Kidneys
   
   ii. lungs
   
   ii. skin
   
   c. Excretory products of plants

6. Support and movement

1. Tropic, tactic, nastic and sleep
   
   movements in plants
   
   b. supporting tissues in animals
   
   c. Types and functions of the skeleton
   
   i. Exoskeleton
   
   ii. Endoskeleton
   
   iii. Functions of the skeleton in animals

7. Reproduction

1. A sexual reproduction
   
   i. Fission as in Paramecium
   
   ii. Budding as in yeast
   
   iii. Natural vegetative propagation
   
   iv. Artificial vegetative propagation.
   
   b. sexual reproduction in flowering plants
   
   i. Floral parts and their functions
   
   ii. Pollination and fertilization
   
   iii. products of sexual reproduction
   
   c. Reproduction in mammals
   
   i. structures and functions of the male and female reproductive organs
   
   ii. Fertilization and development.
   
   (Fusion of gamates)

8. Growth

1. meaning of growth
   
   b. Germination of seeds and condition
   
   necessary for germination of seeds.

9. Co-ordination and control

1. Nervous coordination:
   
   i. the components, structure and functions
   
   of the central nervous system;
   
   ii. The components and functions of the
   
   peripheral nervous systems;
   
   iii. Mechanism of transmission of impulses;
   
   iv. Reflex action
   
   b. The sense organs
   
   i. skin (tactile)
   
   ii. nose (olfactory)
   
   iii. tongue (taste)
   
   iv. eye (sight)
   
   v. ear (auditory)
   
   c. Hormonal control
   
   i. animal hormonal system
   
   – Pituitary
   
   – thyroid
   
   – parathyroid
   
   – adrenal gland
   
   – pancreas
   
   – gonads
   
   ii. Plant hormones (phytohormones)
   
   d. Homeostasis
   
   i. Body temperature regulation
   
   ii. Salt and water regulation

1. Factors affecting the distribution of Organisms

1. Abiotic
   
   ii. Biotic

2. Symbiotic interactions of plants and animals

(a) Energy flow in the ecosystem: food chains, food webs and trophic levels

(b) Nutrient cycling in nature

i. carbon cycle

ii. water cycle

iii. Nitrogen cycle

3. Natural Habitats

(a) Aquatic (e.g. ponds, streams, lakes

seashores and mangrove swamps)

(b) Terrestrial/arboreal (e.g. tree-tops of oil palm, abandoned farmland or a dry grassy (savanna) field, and burrow or hole.

4. Local (Nigerian Biomes)

1. Tropical rainforest
   
   b. Guinea savanna (southern and northern)
   
   c. Sudan Savanna
   
   d. Desert
   
   e. Highlands of montane forests and grasslands of the Obudu, Jos, Mambilla Plateau.

5. The Ecology of Populations:

(a) Population density and overcrowding.

(b) Adaptation for survival

i. Factors that bring about competition

ii. Intra and inter-specific competition

iii. Relationship between competition and succession.

(c) Factors affecting population sizes:

Biotic (e.g. food, pest, disease, predation, competition, reproductive ability).

ii. Abiotic (e.g. temperature, space, light, rainfall, topography, pressure, pH, etc.

(d) Ecological succession

i. primary succession

ii. secondary succession

6. SOIL

1. a) (i) characteristics of different types
   
   of soil (sandy, loamy, clayey)
   
   soil structure
   
   ii. porosity, capillarity and humus
   
   content
   
   iii. Components of the soil
   
   i. inorganic
   
   ii. organic
   
   iii. soil organisms
   
   iv. Soil air
   
   v. Soil water
   
   Soil fertility:
   
   i. loss of soil fertility
   
   ii. Renewal and maintenance of soil fertility

7. Humans and Environment

(a) Diseases:

(i) Common and endemic diseases.

ii. Easily transmissible diseases and disease syndrome such as:

– poliomyelitis

– cholera

– tuberculosis

– sexually transmitted disease/syndrome (gonorrhea, syphilis, AIDS, etc.

b. Pollution and its control

(i) sources, types, effects and methods of control.

(ii) Sanitation and sewage

(c) Conservation of Natural Resources

(d) Game reserves and National parks

(I) Variation In Population

1. Morphological variations in the physical appearance of individuals.
   
   (i) size (height, weight)
   
   (ii) Colour (skin, eye, hair, coat of animals, scales and feathers.
   
   (iii) Fingerprints
   
   b. Physiological variation
   
   (i) Ability to roll tongue
   
   (ii) Ability to taste
   
   phenylthiocarbamide (PTC)
   
   (iii) Blood groups
   
   c. Application of discontinuous
   
   variation in crime detection,
   
   blood transfusion and
   
   determination of paternity.

2. Heredity

1. a) Inheritance of characters in organisms;
   
   i) Heritable and non-heritable characters.
   
   b) Chromosomes – the basis of heredity;
   
   (i) Structure
   
   (ii) Process of transmission of hereditary characters from parents to offspring.
   
   c) Probability in genetics and sex determination.
   
   a) Application of the principles of heredity in:
   
   i) Agriculture
   
   (ii) Medicine
   
   Sex – linked characters e.g. baldness, haemophilia, colour blindness, etc.

1. Theories of evolution

1. a) Lamarck’s theory
   
   b) Darwin’s theory
   
   c) organic theory

2. Evidence of evolution

RECOMMENDED TEXTS

Ndu, F.O. C. Ndu, Abun A. and Aina J.O. (2001) Senior Secondary School Biology:

Books 1 -3, Lagos: Longman

Odunfa, S.A. (2001) Essential of Biology, Ibadan: Heinemann

Ogunniyi M.B. Adebisi A.A. and Okojie J.A. (2000) Biology for Senior Secondary Schools: Books 1 – 3, Macmillan

Ramalingam, S.T. (2005) Modern Biology, SS Science Series. New Edition, AFP

Stan. (2004) Biology for Senior Secondary Schools. Revised Edition, Ibadan: Heinemann

Stone R.H. and Cozens, A.B.C. (1982) Biology for West African Schools. Longman

Usua, E.J. (1997) Handbook of practical Biology 2nd Edition, University Press, Limited

BIOLOGY RECOMMENDED Text for 2019/2020

Ambuna, A. Egunyomi, A. and Osakwe, J. (1990). Comprehensive Certificate Biology for Senior Secondary Schools: University Press Limited

Egunyomi A. Bob – Manuel, Abdullahi B.A. and Oyetola O.A. (1988). Exam Focus: Biology For WASSCE and JME 2nd Edition, University Press Limited

MacQueen J. and Murray J. (1978). Success in Biology, Benin: John Murray

Ndu, F.O. C. Ndu, Abun A. and Aina J.O. (2001). Senior Secondary School Biology: Books 1 -3, Lagos: Longman

Odunfa, S.A. (2001). Essentials of Biology, Ibadan: Heinemann

Oguniyi, M.B. Adebisi A.A. and Okojie J.A. (2000). Biology for Senior Secondary Schools: Books – 3, Macmillan

Ramalingam, S.T. (2005). Modern Biology, SS Science Series. New Edition, AFP

Roberts, A.B.U. (1993). Functional Approach in Biology

Sorojini, T.L. Sheila, P and Charles, T.P. (2000). Modern Biology for Secondary Schools. Revised Edition, FEP

STAN. (2004). Biology for Senior Secondary Schools. Revised Edition, Ibadan: Heinemann

Stone, R.H. and Cozens, A.B.C. (1982). Biology for West African Schools. Longman

Usua, E.J. (1997). Handbook of practical Biology 2nd Edition, University Press, Limited